2) In the target populations, what is the impact of integrated services on:

HIV related risk behavior;

HIV related stigma;unintended pregnancy?

What is the cost, feasibility and cost-effectiveness of providing selected integrated services;

What is the cost of integrating HIV and/or SRH services with existing services?

How do costs vary by model of integration?

Does integration result in a more optimal utilization of existing infrastructure and human resources?

Background and Rationale

There are many well-established reasons that support the rationale for linking SRH and HIV services closely. Most HIV infections are sexually transmitted or associated with pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding. Many of the behaviors that prevent HIV transmission also prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and some prevent unintended pregnancies. Individuals who use SRH services often benefit from HIV/AIDS services, and vice versa. Further, with nearly 40 million people living with HIV today, there is a clear need to respond to the sexual and reproductive health needs of HIV positive people.

Over the last few years a number of international statements, position papers and advocacy efforts indicated the commitment of the international community to intensify linkages between SRH and HIV and AIDS at a policy and programmatic level.At a regional level the recent policy meeting in Maputo affirmed the need